Linux Command Line Basics

Introduction

Linux command line ya terminal ka istemal Linux ke saath kaam karne ka aik behtareen tareeqa hai. Is article mein, hum kuch common Linux commands ka zikar karenge jo aapko command line ka behtareen istimaal karne mein madad karenge.

Common Commands

Yeh kuch basic Linux commands hain jo aapko Linux terminal ka istimaal karne mein madad karte hain:

ls: Yeh command directory ke andar mojood files aur folders ka zikar karta hai. Aap isko “ls -l” ya “ls -a” jaise options ke sath istimaal kar sakte hain.
cd: Yeh command aapko directories mein move karne ka moqa deta hai. “cd /home” ya “cd ..” ka istemal kar ke aap directory structure mein move kar sakte hain.
mkdir: Yeh command nayi directory banata hai. “mkdir myfolder” ka istemal kar ke aap nayi folder bana sakte hain.

File Management Commands

Yeh kuch file management commands hain jo aapko files ko manage karne mein madad karte hain:

cp: Yeh command files ko copy karne ka moqa deta hai. “cp file1 file2” ka istemal kar ke aap aik file ko doosri file mein copy kar sakte hain.
mv: Yeh command files ko move ya rename karne ka moqa deta hai. “mv oldname newname” ka istemal kar ke aap file ka naam badal sakte hain.
rm: Yeh command files ko delete karta hai. “rm file1” ka istemal kar ke aap aik file ko delete kar sakte hain. Khayal rahe ke yeh action permanent hota hai.

System Monitoring Commands

System monitoring commands aapko system resources aur usage ka jaiza lene mein madad karte hain:

top: Yeh command system processes aur resources ka live overview deta hai. Aap isko “top -o %MEM” jaise options ke sath customize kar sakte hain.
df: Yeh command disk usage ka jaiza deta hai. “df -h” ka istemal kar ke aap disk space ko human-readable format mein dekh sakte hain.
free: Yeh command system memory ka zikar karta hai. “free -h” ka istemal kar ke aap memory usage ko check kar sakte hain.

50 Linux Basics Command

1. **ls**: List directory contents.
2. **cd**: Change directory.
3. **pwd**: Print working directory.
4. **mkdir**: Make directories.
5. **rmdir**: Remove empty directories.
6. **rm**: Remove files or directories.
7. **cp**: Copy files or directories.
8. **mv**: Move/rename files or directories.
9. **touch**: Create an empty file or update file timestamps.
10. **cat**: Concatenate and display files.
11. **more**: Display file contents one screen at a time (page through data).
12. **less**: Opposite of more, displays file contents one screen at a time.
13. **head**: Output the first part of files.
14. **tail**: Output the last part of files.
15. **grep**: Print lines matching a pattern.
16. **chmod**: Change file permissions.
17. **chown**: Change file owner and group.
18. **ln**: Create symbolic links between files.
19. **find**: Search for files in a directory hierarchy.
20. **locate**: Find files by name.
21. **df**: Report file system disk space usage.
22. **du**: Estimate file space usage.
23. **tar**: Archive files.
24. **gzip**: Compress files.
25. **gunzip**: Decompress files.
26. **zip**: Package and compress files.
27. **unzip**: Unzip compressed files.
28. **ping**: Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts.
29. **ifconfig**: Configure network interface parameters.
30. **netstat**: Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.
31. **wget**: Non-interactive network downloader.
32. **curl**: Transfer data from or to a server.
33. **ssh**: OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program).
34. **scp**: Secure copy (remote file copy program).
35. **rsync**: Remote file and directory synchronization.
36. **top**: Display Linux tasks.
37. **htop**: Interactive process viewer.
38. **ps**: Report a snapshot of current processes.
39. **kill**: Send signals to processes.
40. **shutdown**: Shutdown or restart Linux.
41. **reboot**: Reboot Linux.
42. **uname**: Print system information.
43. **date**: Print or set the system date and time.
44. **echo**: Display a line of text/string on standard output.
45. **history**: Command history.
46. **man**: Display manual pages.
47. **info**: Read info documents.
48. **who**: Show who is logged on.
49. **su**: Substitute user identity.
50. **sudo**: Execute a command as another user.

Conclusion

Yeh kuch basic Linux command line commands hain jo aapko Linux terminal ka behtareen istimaal karne mein madad karte hain. In commands ka istimaal kar ke aap apne Linux ka control hasil kar sakte hain.